Heat emergencies are of three types: heat cramps (caused
by loss of salt), heat exhaustion (caused by dehydration) and heat stroke
(shock). Remove the victim from the heat and have him lie down. Apply cool
compresses, elevate the feet, drink fluids and use a fan to blow cool air. Get
medical help if needed.
Heat emergencies are easily preventable by taking precautions
in hot weather. If the problem isn't
addressed, heat cramps (caused by loss of salt from heavy sweating) can lead to
heat exhaustion (caused by dehydration), which can progress to
heatstroke. Heatstroke, the most serious of the three, can cause shock, brain damage, organ failure, and
even death.
The early symptoms of a
heat emergency include: Profuse
sweating, fatigue, thirst, and muscle cramps.
Later symptoms of heat exhaustion include: Headache, dizziness and light-headedness,
weakness, nausea and vomiting, cool moist skin, and dark urine.
The symptoms of heatstroke include: Fever, irrational behavior, confusion, dry,
hot and red skin, rapid shallow breathing and pulse, seizures, and
unconsciousness.
v
The person loses consciousness at any time.
v
There is any other change in the person's alertness (for example,
confusion or seizures).
v
Fever (temp above 104°F)
v
The person shows signs of shock (bluish lips and fingernails and decreased alertness).
v
Other symptoms of heat stroke are present (like rapid
pulse or rapid breathing).
v
The person's condition does not improve, or worsens
despite treatment.
Prevention
o
Wear loose-fitting, lightweight clothing in hot weather.
o
Rest frequently and seek shade when possible.
o
Avoid exercise or strenuous physical activity outside
during hot or humid weather.
o
Drink plenty of fluids every day. Drink more fluids
before, during, and after physical activity.
o
Be especially careful to avoid overheating if you are
taking drugs that impair heat regulation, or if you are overweight or elderly.